Foal IgG (Immunoglobulin G) is essential for the passive transfer of immunity from the mare to the foal. It plays a critical role in protecting the foal against infectious diseases during the first few months of life before the foal’s own immune system matures. Failure to achieve adequate passive transfer of IgG can result in an increased risk of infections and illnesses in foals, which can be life-threatening.
Here’s how to recognize the importance of foal IgG and how to assess it:
Importance of Foal IgG:
a. Immune Protection: Foals are born with an immature immune system. They rely on the transfer of maternal antibodies, mainly IgG, through the colostrum to provide immediate protection against diseases.
b. Vulnerability: Without sufficient IgG, foals are vulnerable to infections, especially during the first few months of life, when their immune system is not yet fully functional.
c. Long-term Health: Ensuring adequate IgG transfer is essential for the long-term health and well-being of the foal.
Recognizing and Assessing Foal IgG:
a. Colostrum Quality: The key to ensuring adequate IgG transfer is the quality and quantity of colostrum. High-quality colostrum should be fed to the foal within the first few hours of life.
b. IgG Testing: A common method for assessing foal IgG levels is through a blood test. In recent years, the most widely used test is the Rapid Test Kits, which measures IgG concentration in the foal’s blood (serum, plasma and whole blood). A level of 800 mg/dL or higher is typically considered adequate. Other tests, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are also used. Equine IgG Rapid Test Kits – BIODX
c. Timing: It’s crucial to assess IgG levels within the first 12-24 hours after birth, as the ability to absorb IgG decreases rapidly in the foal’s gut during this time.
d. Colostrum Management: Ensure that the foal receives colostrum from a healthy mare within the first hours of life. If the mare’s colostrum is insufficient or of poor quality, colostrum replacers or supplements can be used.
e. Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT): Foals with inadequate IgG levels due to FPT may require intervention, such as colostrum supplementation or intravenous administration of plasma containing IgG.
f. Monitoring Health: Monitor the foal’s health closely in the early days of life. Signs of illness or weakness may indicate a failure of passive transfer.
Always consult with a veterinarian for proper management and assessment of foal IgG levels to ensure the foal’s health and well-being.
References:
- Madigan, J. E. (2002). Passive Transfer of Immunity in the Foal. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, 18(1), 53-68.
- Townsend, H. G., & Tyler, J. W. (2000). Passive Transfer of Immunity in the Newborn Foal: A Review. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 41(1), 33-39.
- Donaldson, L. L. (2019). Failure of Passive Transfer in Foals: Causes and Consequences. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, 35(1), 131-141.
